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A callus is a thickened, hardened area of skin that forms in response to constant pressure, friction, or strain. It acts as a protective barrier and commonly develops on the sides and soles of the feet. In this article, we will explore the different types of calluses, their causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.

Two General Types of Callus:

• Discrete nucleated callus: It is a localized and painful lesion with a central keratin plug. It sometimes gets confused with a plantar wart.

• Diffuse-shearing callus: A diffuse-shearing callus appears as a lesion larger than 1 centimeter without a keratin plug.

What Causes a Callus to Form?

A callus occurs due to a process called hyperkeratinization, the thickening of the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is made of a protein called keratin. When there is constant pressure or friction on the skin, the body responds by producing extra layers of keratin to protect it.

Some factors that contribute to the callus formation:

Callus Symptoms:

When to Seek Medical Attention

Calluses can be managed with at-home treatments. However, individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, or poor circulation, should seek medical attention from a podiatrist, dermatologist, or primary healthcare provider.

Callus Treatment Options:

• Conservative Treatment: This includes at-home remedies such as soaking the callus in warm water, filing the callus using a pumice stone, applying moisturizing cream daily, and using padding or proper footwear to protect the callus.

• Over-the-Counter Callus Treatments: While these treatments are available, individuals with medical conditions like diabetes should consult a podiatrist before using them, as they may contain harsh chemicals that can cause burns or foot ulcers.

• Cutting and Trimming: In more severe cases, a podiatrist can perform procedures such as callus reduction, which involves shaving away the thickened dead skin, or cortisone injections to reduce pain. However, surgery is rarely necessary and only considered when an underlying bone structure abnormality needs correction.

Preventive Measures:

Conclusion Calluses can be managed with proper care and treatment. By understanding their causes, symptoms, and available treatment options, you can take proactive steps to prevent them. If you have underlying medical conditions or severe symptoms, seek medical advice for appropriate care. For exceptional podiatric services, rely on Thomas Podiatry & Associates. Book an appointment with our experienced podiatrist today.